Passage 2
A new study shows that heatwaves can cause fish and other creatures in the world’s oceans to travel thousands of kilometers in search of cooler waters. Scientists at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, reported on the study last week. Their research is based on a new way of measuring heatwaves. It is called “thermal displacement.” NOAA notes that earlier research has centered on how hot weather can increase ocean surface temperatures over time.
Heatwaves can cause changes to the ocean environment, killing large numbers of seabirds and affecting corals and other sea life. Thermal displacement measures how far fish, whales and other mobile species must travel to find cooler ocean surface temperatures. The measurement depends on the rate at which temperature changes across the ocean.
Research scientist Michael Jacox calls thermal displacement a powerful new way of looking at ocean heatwaves. “When the environment changes, many species move,” he said in a statement. “This research helps us understand and measure the degree of change they may be responding to.”
Heatwaves can add to the difficulties the world’s oceans are already facing from long-term warming linked to climate change. The scientists examined information related to ocean heatwaves from 1982 to 2019. They looked at the displacement of different species during these events. In some places, cooler water would not be far from warmer seas, such as where different parts of the ocean meet, the study found. But in tropical areas - where temperature changes are usually small - some sea creatures would need to travel more than 2,000 kilometers to find cooler water.
Jacox says fast-moving displacement of sea life can affect many kinds of sea creatures and have human costs, as well." Some of the most mobile species - many fish, whales, and turtles - hold great value for humans,” he said. Fisheries and tourism could be harmed, and threatened species could also face displacement, he added.
Michael Alexander of NOAA’s Physical Sciences Laboratory helped lead the research team. He said the study “may give us an idea how the ecosystem may change in the future.” This could, for example, help predict how far fishermen would have to travel to reach the fish they want to harvest, he said.
36. What is Michael Jocox's attitude towards the displacement of sea life? ( )
A. Sympathetic
B. Objective.
C. Doubtful.
D. Supportive.
【答案】C。考察文中 Michael Jocox 对海洋生物迁移的态度。由此定位到第五段 Jacox says fast-moving displacement of sea life can affect many kinds of sea creatures and have human costs, as well.可知 Michael Jocox 认为迁移会对海洋生物和人类造成影响，是在对这种事情表
示一种否定的态度。故本题正确答案选 C。
37. What does Michael Alexander think of the study? ( )
A. It is challenging.
B. It is eco-friendly.
C. It is helpful.
D. It is honest.
【答案】C。由 Michael Alexander，the study 定位到最后一段 He said the study “may give us an idea……help predict…….”可知他认为这项研究是有帮助的。故本题正确答案选 C。
38. From the passage, we know that sea life in ( ) have to travel much farther.
A. tropical areas
B. subtropical areas
C. frigid areas
D. temperate areas
【答案】A。定位到原文第四段最后 But in tropical areas - where temperature changes are usually small - some sea creatures would need to travel more than 2,000 kilometers to find cooler water.可知在热带区域生活的海洋生物需要游到更远的地方才能到达寒冷水域。故本题正确
答案选 A。
39. What is found by the new study? ( )
A. Heatwaves are becoming more common and lasting longer.
B. Climate change has doubled the frequencies of ocean heatwaves.
C. Heatwaves are killing sea life.
D. Heatwave force sea life to flee great distances.
【答案】D。由题目中的关键词 the new study 定位到开头第一段 A new study shows that heatwaves can cause fish and other creatures in the world’s oceans to travel thousands of kilometers in search of cooler waters.可以看出热浪是造成海洋生物迁徙到寒冷水域的原因。
ABC 选项都不是该研究所发现的内容。故本题正确答案选 D。
40. The underlined “thermal displacement” (para.2) means ( ).
A. the rising ocean surface temperatures
B. the movement of sea life to cooler water
C. the degree of change in ocean surface temperatures
D. a new way of measuring heatwaves
【答案】B。词义猜测题。定位到第二段Thermal displacement measures how far fish, whales and other mobile species must travel to find cooler ocean surface temperatures.可知，这和海洋生物迁移到寒冷水域是一个意思，thermal displacement 本意为热力驱替、热位移。故本题正确答案选 B。
