常考知识点二：推断题
一、上下文推断题
(一)考察内容
针对摘录式文章，命题人可能会提问选段的上文或者下文写了什么内容。
常见问法如下：
What may the author discuss later?
What is the most likely content the speaker discussed before …?
(二)解题策略
1.推段落内容
如果整篇文章没有明显的逻辑词，比如：标题 1、标题 2、first/ second 等，那么就属于段落内容推断。
①推上文。推上文则应该看现有文章首段，推出的内容主体需要和文章首段描述的主体保持一致。
②推下文。推下文则应该看现有文章尾段，推出的内容主体需要和文章尾段描述的主体保持一致。
2.推逻辑关系
如果整篇文章有明显的逻辑词，则应该优先考虑逻辑关系一致，即推出内容与原文之间逻辑上是顺承关系。一般情况下，逻辑关系的推断会以推下文问法出现。比如文中已有标题1、标题 2，那么接下来最有可能描述的就是标题 3。
二、是非题引申出来的推断题
(一)常见问法如下：
We can learn from Paragraph X that ( ) ?
What can be inferred from paragraph X?
(二)解题策略
该类型的推断题，解题思路需根据选项情况来定。
1.如果只有一个选项符合原文，或者可以从原文推出，那么便可选该选项;
2.如果有两个及以上的选项都符合原文，则需要从这几个选项中选一个能概括该段落主旨的选项。
Passage 1
Concerns about greenhouse gases and pollution are driving an industry-wide change in the way cars are powered. Regulations on fuel economy and CO2 emissions are forcing carmakers to make engines more efficient. By 2025, 25% of cars sold will have electric engines, up from 5% today. But most of those will be hybrids, and 95% of cars will still rely on fossil fuels for at least part of their power. That means automakers will need to make internal combustion engines more efficient to comply with new standards. The development of alternative power sources such as fuel cells will add to overall efficiency, but only if people can afford them. The Japanese government has set a target price of ¥2.2million-around US $18,000-for fuel-cell vehicles by 2025.While they would still be a small niche in global sales, that target price would allow them to become competitive with popular hybrids.
From paragraph two, we can infer that ( ).
A. Although fuel-cell vehicles do not cover much market share, the price set by Japanese
government makes them competitive.
B. The tightened regulations on fuel made fuel-cell vehicles cheaper.
C. In the future, cars that use electric engines will be more competitive with popular hybrids.
D. Japanese government is paying a lot to reduce the cost of fuel-cell vehicles.
【答案】A。定位至第二段，通过末句 While they would still be a small niche in global sales, that target price would allow them to become competitive with popular hybrids.可知电池燃料汽车市场份额虽小，但是价格让其具有竞争力，但没有提到比油电混动汽车更具有竞争力，选
项 A 表述正确，选项 C 表述错误。通过 But only if people can afford them.可知电池燃料汽车更贵，选项 B 表述错误;选项 D：日本政府补贴许多以此减少电池燃料汽车的成本，文章第二段并未提及日本政府这一举动，属于无中生有项。故正确答案是选项 A。
